What are the causes of transformer oil leakage?
What are the causes of transformer oil leakage?
Release Time:
2025-07
Special transformers have many welding points and long weld seams, while oil-immersed special transformers are a collection of various welds and connections based on steel plate welded housings.
1. Failure of rubber seals and weld seam cracking
Special transformers have many weld points and long weld seams, and oil-immersed special transformers are assemblies of various welds and connections based on steel plate welded enclosures.
A QB-5000/2 oil-immersed traction transformer has more than 70 total weld points, with a total weld seam length of nearly 20 meters, so there may be many leakage paths. The direct causes of leakage are failure of rubber seals and weld seam cracking, porosity, slag inclusion, etc.
2. Aging, cracking, and deformation of sealing rubber parts
Leakage in special transformers mostly occurs at connection points, and over 95% is mainly caused by sealing rubber parts.
The quality of sealing rubber parts mainly depends on their oil resistance. Poor oil resistance leads to faster aging, especially at high temperatures, accelerating aging, cracking, deterioration, deformation, and eventual failure of the seals, causing transformer oil leakage.
3. Manufacturing quality of special transformers
During the manufacturing process of special transformers, the number of weld points on the oil tank, weld seam length, welding difficulty, welding materials, welding (classification characteristics of welding process equipment) standards, processes, and technologies all affect welding quality, causing porosity, sand holes, cold welds, and lack of fusion, which lead to oil leakage in special transformers.
4. Poor quality of plate butterfly valves
Another frequent leakage point in special transformers is at the plate butterfly valve. Earlier produced transformers used ordinary plate butterfly valves with relatively rough and thin connection surfaces and single-layer seals, which are obsolete products and prone to causing transformer oil leakage.
5. Improper installation methods
Uneven flange connections cause the sealing gasket to not be evenly stressed around during installation; uneven bolt stress around the sealing gasket caused by human factors; deformation and misalignment of flange joints cause one side of the sealing gasket to be overstressed and the other side understressed. The side with insufficient compression is prone to leakage.
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